{"id":6041,"date":"2021-08-14T09:36:36","date_gmt":"2021-08-14T07:36:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stavebnakomora.sk\/?page_id=6041"},"modified":"2021-08-14T09:36:36","modified_gmt":"2021-08-14T07:36:36","slug":"co-treba-vediet-o-plesniach-v-bytoch","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.stavebnakomora.sk\/?page_id=6041","title":{"rendered":"\u010co treba vedie\u0165 o plesniach v bytoch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Plesne s\u00fa mikroskopick\u00e9 organizmy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou n\u00e1\u0161ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia. Spravidla sa vyskytuj\u00fa vo vode, v p\u00f4de aj v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Be\u017ene nie s\u00fa okom vidite\u013en\u00e9, zbad\u00e1me ich a\u017e pri premno\u017een\u00ed. Prejavuj\u00fa sa povlakmi pripom\u00ednaj\u00facimi zamat alebo vatu. Na postihnut\u00fdch miestach sa vytvoria zliate \u0161kvrny tmav\u00e9ho, siv\u00e9ho a\u017e \u010dierneho, pr\u00edpadne zelenkast\u00e9ho, niekedy hnedast\u00e9ho sfarbenia.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010das cel\u00e9ho \u017eivota sa u \u010dloveka prejavuje vysok\u00e1 senzitivita k plesniam, ktor\u00fdch expoz\u00edcia vo vn\u00fatornom prostred\u00ed je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia ne\u017e vo vo\u013enom ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Pre \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed po\u010det alergikov s\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 ich rozmno\u017eovacie v\u00fdtrusy \u2013 sp\u00f3ry, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa uvo\u013e\u0148ovan\u00e9 do ovzdu\u0161ia a\u00a0s\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi alerg\u00e9nmi. Plesne v\u00a0byte predstavuj\u00fa z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m na zdravie \u013eud\u00ed, preto\u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zdrojom toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. Pribli\u017ene 70 \u2013 80% plesn\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zdrojom toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok (mykotox\u00ednov).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ak\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ekosti m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 plesne, ktor\u00e9 sa vyskytuj\u00fa v\u00a0dom\u00e1com prostred\u00ed?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Existencia plesn\u00ed ako tak\u00fdch nepredstavuje pre \u010dloveka priame ohrozenie zdravia, ale za \u00fa\u010dinky na zdravie s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 emisie z plesn\u00ed. Plesne vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa alergick\u00e9 reakcie vo forme \u010dast\u00fdch z\u00e1palov priedu\u0161iek, chronick\u00e9ho ka\u0161\u013ea, astmy, dr\u00e1\u017edenia slizn\u00edc, pr\u00edpadne ko\u017en\u00fdch alergi\u00ed. Priamym kontaktom s\u00a0ples\u0148ami doch\u00e1dza k\u00a0\u010dast\u00fdm ochoreniam ko\u017ee (ekz\u00e9my, plesne, psori\u00e1za). Dlhodob\u00e1 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 plesn\u00ed \u010dasom vytv\u00e1ra chronick\u00fa precitlivenos\u0165 organizmu a\u00a0zhor\u0161uj\u00facu sa alergiu. Spolupodie\u013eaj\u00fa sa tie\u017e na skuto\u010dnosti, \u017ee 10 a\u017e 30 % detskej popul\u00e1cie je postihnutej alergick\u00fdmi ochoreniami d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest. Reakcie organizmu ako n\u00e1sledky expoz\u00edcie plesniam je mo\u017en\u00e9 rozdeli\u0165 do 5 kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 reakcie: bolesti hlavy, \u00fanava, pocit na zvracanie a teplota s\u00fa typick\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky a\u00a0s\u00fa v\u0161eobecne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9 s\u00a0v\u00fdskytom plesn\u00ed v\u00a0budov\u00e1ch.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>U 40 % &#8211; 50 % obyvate\u013eov budov, kde s\u00fa probl\u00e9my s\u00a0rastom plesn\u00ed, sa vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa zn\u00e1mky dr\u00e1\u017edenia. Opuchnutie o\u010d\u00ed, p\u00edskanie na hrudn\u00edku pri d\u00fdchan\u00ed, alebo pocit nedostatku dychu s\u00fa typick\u00e9 sympt\u00f3my, ktor\u00e9 mizn\u00fa kr\u00e1tko po ukon\u010den\u00ed expoz\u00edcie. Hoci sa tieto sympt\u00f3my sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s\u00a0rastom plesn\u00ed, s\u00fa ne\u0161pecifick\u00e9, vyskytuj\u00fa sa aj z\u00a0d\u00f4vodu mnoh\u00fdch in\u00fdch pr\u00ed\u010din.<\/p>\n<p><u>Opakovan\u00e9 infekcie: chr\u00edpka, bronchit\u00edda, infekcie stredn\u00e9ho ucha s\u00fa pr\u00edklady reakcie organizmu na plesne. Rast plesn\u00ed je \u010dastou pr\u00ed\u010dinou lie\u010dby respira\u010dn\u00fdch infekci\u00ed a\u00a0ich opakovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu. Oby\u010dajne to nie je z\u00a0toho d\u00f4vodu, \u017ee infekciu zapr\u00ed\u010di\u0148uj\u00fa plesne, ale preto, \u017ee plesne zvy\u0161uj\u00fa individu\u00e1lnu vn\u00edmavos\u0165 na infekcie<em>.<\/em><\/u><\/p>\n<p><u>V\u00e1\u017ene, alebo chronick\u00e9 ochorenia: astma a\u00a0r\u00f4zne druhy alergi\u00ed, ako je alergick\u00e1 alveolit\u00edda, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dokonca celo\u017eivotn\u00fd n\u00e1sledok expoz\u00edcie plesniam. Alveolit\u00edda m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 ve\u013emi v\u00e1\u017ene zdravotn\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pr\u00ed\u010dinou redukovanej aktivity alveol, t.j. \u010dasti p\u013e\u00fac kde doch\u00e1dza k\u00a0v\u00fdmene plynov.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0pr\u00edpade astmy sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee plesne m\u00f4\u017eu zapr\u00ed\u010dini\u0165 v\u010dasn\u00fd za\u010diatok astmy a jej opakovan\u00e9 exacerb\u00e1cie (nov\u00e9 resp. op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 prepuknutie choroby).<\/p>\n<p><u>Sympt\u00f3my n\u00e1sledkom expoz\u00edcie tox\u00ednu s\u00fa: nauzea, alergie alebo hna\u010dka. \u0160pecifick\u00e1 skupina aflatox\u00ednov emitovan\u00fdch ples\u0148ami rodu Aspergillus species je karcinog\u00e9nna a m\u00f4\u017ee podporova\u0165 rast zhubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dorov<em>.<\/em><\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Negat\u00edvny vplyv na \u010dloveka z\u00e1vis\u00ed nielen od koncentr\u00e1cie sp\u00f3r vo vn\u00fatornom ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, ale aj od dispoz\u00edcie jedincov k\u00a0ochoreniu. Medzi najviac ohrozen\u00e9 skupiny jedincov patria: \u013eudia s\u00a0oslaben\u00fdm imunitn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom, alergici a\u00a0deti.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Pre\u010do sa vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa plesne v\u00a0bytoch a\u00a0domoch?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Rast plesn\u00ed podmie\u0148uje pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 \u017eiv\u00edn (napr. papier, drevo, ko\u017ea, bavlna), teplota vzduchu v\u00a0rozp\u00e4t\u00ed 20 \u2013 35<sup>0 <\/sup>C, vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov kysl\u00edk potrebn\u00fd pre chemick\u00e9 reakcie a pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 vody, vlhkosti, ktor\u00fa plesne potrebuj\u00fa najm\u00e4 z\u00a0materi\u00e1lov na ktor\u00fdch rast\u00fa. Kondenz\u00e1cia vody a\u00a0vlhkos\u0165 na povrchoch je ove\u013ea viac v\u00fdznamnej\u0161ia pre rozvoj plesn\u00ed ako relat\u00edvna vlhkos\u0165 vzduchu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kedysi bol probl\u00e9m vzniku plesn\u00ed d\u00e1van\u00fd do s\u00favislosti s\u00a0b\u00fdvan\u00edm v\u00a0zle izolovan\u00fdch suter\u00e9noch.<\/li>\n<li>Dnes je to probl\u00e9m najm\u00e4 zle realizovan\u00fdch striech a priepustnosti fas\u00e1dnych panelov. N\u00e1rast plesn\u00ed b\u00fdva sp\u00f4soben\u00fd nielen kon\u0161truk\u010dno-stavebn\u00fdmi chybami, nespr\u00e1vnou izol\u00e1ciou, sp\u00f4sobuj\u00facimi zatekanie, ale aj nespr\u00e1vnou \u00fadr\u017ebou bytov a nedostato\u010dn\u00fdm vetran\u00edm. Tepeln\u00e1 izol\u00e1cia fas\u00e1d, pou\u017e\u00edvanie paroz\u00e1bran, ako aj vysokotesn\u00e9 plastov\u00e9 okn\u00e1 zni\u017euj\u00fa prievzdu\u0161nos\u0165 stien a\u00a0t\u00fdm prirodzen\u00e9 vetranie, v\u00a0d\u00f4sledku \u010doho doch\u00e1dza k\u00a0zvy\u0161ovaniu obsahu splod\u00edn d\u00fdchania, zvy\u0161uje sa vlhkos\u0165 prostredia a\u00a0n\u00e1sledne aj po\u010det mikroorganizmov.\u00a0Teda pozit\u00edvny efekt spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00faci v\u00a0\u00faspore energie prin\u00e1\u0161a so sebou aj menej priazniv\u00e9 efekty, ktor\u00e9 treba eliminova\u0165 re\u017eimom vetrania.<\/li>\n<li>Plesne sa m\u00f4\u017eu objavi\u0165 aj v\u00a0nov\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch v s\u00favislosti s\u00a0nov\u00fdm a\u00a0vlhk\u00fdm stavebn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Na ak\u00fdch miestach sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie v\u00a0dom\u00e1cnosti vyskytuj\u00fa plesne ?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Rizikovej\u0161ie s\u00fa k\u00fape\u013e\u0148a a\u00a0kuchy\u0148a, preto\u017ee je tam vy\u0161\u0161ia pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 vlhkosti. Pranie, varenie a\u00a0hlavne su\u0161enie pr\u00e1dla v\u00a0byte a\u00a0slab\u00e9 prirodzen\u00e9 vetranie umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa kondenz\u00e1ciu vzdu\u0161nej vlhkosti na povrchu interi\u00e9ru.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>Prevencia proti plesniam?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u017edy je lep\u0161ie predch\u00e1dza\u0165 vzniku plesn\u00ed ako ich likvidova\u0165, a\u00a0to najm\u00e4 kr\u00e1tkym a\u00a0intenz\u00edvnym vetran\u00edm. Vetranie je zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 ak m\u00e1me nepriedu\u0161n\u00e9 okn\u00e1.\n<ul>\n<li>Naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00ed je prievan (otvor\u00edme okno a\u00a0dvere na 1 a\u017e 5 min\u00fat), pr\u00edp. vetranie n\u00e1razov\u00e9 \u00a0(otvor\u00edme okno na 5 a\u017e 10 min\u00fat).<\/li>\n<li>Ak sme cel\u00fd de\u0148 doma, treba byt 3 a\u017e 4 razy za de\u0148 vyvetra\u0165, aby sa vlhkos\u0165 dostala von.<\/li>\n<li>Ak nie sme po cel\u00fd de\u0148 doma, vetr\u00e1me r\u00e1no a\u00a0ve\u010der.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Preto\u017ee sa plesne objavuj\u00fa v\u00a0s\u00favislosti s\u00a0vlhk\u00fdm bytom, mus\u00ed sa v\u00a0prvom rade odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 t\u00e1to pr\u00ed\u010dina.\n<ul>\n<li>Ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je, aby sme okno otvorili po ka\u017edom sprchovan\u00ed a\u00a0varen\u00ed, preto\u017ee pri t\u00fdchto \u010dinnostiach sa tvor\u00ed vlhk\u00fd vzduch.<\/li>\n<li>Relat\u00edvna vlhkos\u0165 by sa mala pohybova\u0165 pod 50%, optim\u00e1lna je 40 \u2013 50%.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00a0suchom vzduchu a\u00a0na\u00a0such\u00fdch kon\u0161trukci\u00e1ch plesne nerast\u00fa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Vo vykurovacom obdob\u00ed by rozdiel medzi no\u010dn\u00fdmi a denn\u00fdmi teplotami nemal presiahnu\u0165 viac ako 5 stup\u0148ov Celzia. T\u00fdm sa zabr\u00e1ni kondenz\u00e1cii pary na vychladen\u00fdch miestach a\u00a0v nevyhriatych priestoroch.<\/li>\n<li>Ak sa plesne usadili v byte za skri\u0148ami, je potrebn\u00e9 odsun\u00fa\u0165 n\u00e1bytok aspo\u0148 5 a\u017e 10 centimetrov od steny, aby sa vytvorila mo\u017enos\u0165 pr\u00fadenia vzduchu okolo steny.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je tie\u017e udr\u017eiava\u0165 \u010distotu v\u00a0byte na zamedzenie rastu plesn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj \u00a0:<\/p>\n<p>\u00darad verejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edctva Slovenskej republiky<\/p>\n<p>Linka: https:\/\/www.uvzsr.sk\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=2107%3Auitone-informacie-onplesniach&amp;catid=101%3Avnutorne-prostredie-a-zdravie<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plesne s\u00fa mikroskopick\u00e9 organizmy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou n\u00e1\u0161ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia. Spravidla sa vyskytuj\u00fa vo vode, v p\u00f4de aj v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Be\u017ene nie s\u00fa okom vidite\u013en\u00e9, zbad\u00e1me ich a\u017e pri premno\u017een\u00ed. Prejavuj\u00fa sa povlakmi pripom\u00ednaj\u00facimi zamat alebo vatu. Na postihnut\u00fdch miestach sa vytvoria zliate \u0161kvrny tmav\u00e9ho, siv\u00e9ho a\u017e \u010dierneho, pr\u00edpadne zelenkast\u00e9ho, niekedy hnedast\u00e9ho sfarbenia. Po\u010das cel\u00e9ho [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":4334,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6041","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stavebnakomora.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6041","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stavebnakomora.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stavebnakomora.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stavebnakomora.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stavebnakomora.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6041"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.stavebnakomora.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6041\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6042,"href":"https:\/\/www.stavebnakomora.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6041\/revisions\/6042"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stavebnakomora.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stavebnakomora.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6041"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}